Vaccine Administration
Vaccine administration routes include:
- Oral route: administered by mouth
- Subcutaneous route: injected into the area just beneath the skin into the fatty, connective tissue
- Intramuscular route: injected into muscle tissue
- Intradermal route: injected into layers of the skin
- Intranasal route: administered into the nose
Different Types of Vaccines:
Vaccine type | Vaccines of this type on U.S. Recommended Childhood (ages 0-6) Immunization Schedule |
Live, attenuated | Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR combined vaccine) Varicella (chickenpox) Influenza (nasal spray) Rotavirus |
Inactivated/Killed | Polio (IPV) Hepatitis A |
Toxoid (inactivated toxin) | Diphtheria, tetanus (part of DTaP combined immunization) |
Subunit/conjugate | Hepatitis B Influenza (injection) Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) Pertussis (part of DTaP combined immunization) Pneumococcal Meningococcal |
Vaccinations schedule:
Name of Vaccine |
Age |
How many shots? |
Hepatitis B |
Birth |
A second at 1–2 months, a third at 6–18 months |
Rotavirus (RV) |
2 months |
A second at 4 months, a third at 6 months |
Diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (DTaP) |
2 months |
A second at 4 months, a third at 6 months, a fourth at 16–18 months; then every 10 years |
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) |
2 months |
A second at 4 months, a third at 6 months, a fourth at 12–15 months |
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV13 |
2 months |
A second at 4 months, a third at 6 months, a fourth between months 12 and 15 |
Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) |
2 months |
A second at 4 months, a third at 6–18 months, a fourth at 4 to 6 years |
Influenza |
6 months |
Repeat yearly |
Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) |
12–15 months |
A second at 4–6 years |
Varicella |
12–15 months |
A second at 4–6 years |
Hepatitis A |
12–23 months |
A second at 6 months after the first |
Human papillomavirus (HPV) |
11–12 years old |
2-shot series 6 months apart |
Meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) |
11–12 years old |
Booster at 16 years old |
serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) |
16–18 years old |
|
Pneumococcal (PPSV23) |
19–65+ years old |
|
Herpes zoster (Shingles—RZV formulation) |
two doses at 50 years old |
|